local popup = require("git.core.popup")
local repo = require("git.core.repo")
local util = require("git.core.util")

local M = {}

local NS_SIGNS = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("ow.git.hunks")
local NS_OVERLAY = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("ow.git.hunks.overlay")
local NS_PREVIEW = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("ow.git.hunks.preview")
local NS_PREVIEW_OVERFLOW =
    vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("ow.git.hunks.preview.overflow")

---@alias ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType "add"|"change"|"delete"

---@class ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@field old_start integer  1-indexed first old line
---@field old_count integer
---@field new_start integer  1-indexed first new line
---@field new_count integer
---@field type ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType
---@field old_lines string[]
---@field new_lines string[]

---@class ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@field repo ow.Git.Repo
---@field rel string
---@field index string[]?
---@field index_sha string?
---@field head string[]?
---@field head_sha string?
---@field index_hl { src: string[], lines: table[][]? }?
---@field hunks ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
---@field staged ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
---@field overlay boolean
---@field autocmds integer[]

---@type table<integer, ow.Git.Hunks.BufState>
local states = {}

---@param buf integer
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.BufState?
function M.state(buf)
    return states[buf]
end

---@param buf integer?
---@return integer
local function resolve_buf(buf)
    return buf and buf ~= 0 and buf or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
end

---Mirror the hunk-affecting parts of the user's 'diffopt' so the gutter
---lines up with what `:diffsplit` shows.
---@return table
local function diff_opts()
    local opts = { result_type = "indices", algorithm = "myers" }
    for _, item in ipairs(vim.split(vim.o.diffopt, ",", { plain = true })) do
        if item == "indent-heuristic" then
            opts.indent_heuristic = true
        else
            local algorithm = item:match("^algorithm:(.+)$")
            if algorithm then
                opts.algorithm = algorithm
            end
            local linematch = item:match("^linematch:(%d+)$")
            if linematch then
                opts.linematch = tonumber(linematch)
            end
        end
    end
    return opts
end

---@return boolean
local function inline_diff_enabled()
    for _, item in ipairs(vim.split(vim.o.diffopt, ",", { plain = true })) do
        if item == "inline:none" then
            return false
        end
    end
    return true
end

---@param old_lines string[]
---@param new_lines string[]
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
local function compute_hunks(old_lines, new_lines)
    local raw = vim.text.diff(
        table.concat(old_lines, "\n"),
        table.concat(new_lines, "\n"),
        diff_opts()
    )
    ---@type ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
    local hunks = {}
    if type(raw) ~= "table" then
        return hunks
    end
    for _, h in ipairs(raw) do
        local os_ = h[1] --[[@as integer]]
        local oc = h[2] --[[@as integer]]
        local ns_ = h[3] --[[@as integer]]
        local nc = h[4] --[[@as integer]]
        local typ ---@type ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType
        if oc == 0 then
            typ = "add"
        elseif nc == 0 then
            typ = "delete"
        else
            typ = "change"
        end
        local old = {}
        if typ ~= "add" then
            for i = os_, os_ + oc - 1 do
                table.insert(old, old_lines[i] or "")
            end
        end
        local new = {}
        if typ ~= "delete" then
            for i = ns_, ns_ + nc - 1 do
                table.insert(new, new_lines[i] or "")
            end
        end
        table.insert(hunks, {
            old_start = os_,
            old_count = oc,
            new_start = ns_,
            new_count = nc,
            type = typ,
            old_lines = old,
            new_lines = new,
        })
    end
    return hunks
end

---@type table<ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType, string>
local DEFAULT_SIGNS = { add = "┃", change = "┃", delete = "▁" }

---@return table<ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType, string>
local function resolve_signs()
    local cfg = vim.g.git_hunk_signs
    if type(cfg) ~= "table" then
        return DEFAULT_SIGNS
    end
    return vim.tbl_extend("force", DEFAULT_SIGNS, cfg)
end

---@type table<ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType, string>
local SIGN_HL = {
    add = "GitHunkAdded",
    change = "GitHunkChanged",
    delete = "GitHunkRemoved",
}

---@type table<ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType, string>
local STAGED_SIGN_HL = {
    add = "GitHunkStagedAdded",
    change = "GitHunkStagedChanged",
    delete = "GitHunkStagedRemoved",
}

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@param line_count integer
---@return integer[]  0-indexed buffer rows for the hunk
local function hunk_rows(h, line_count)
    if h.type == "delete" then
        local row = math.max(h.new_start, 1) - 1
        if row >= line_count then
            row = math.max(line_count - 1, 0)
        end
        return { row }
    end
    local rows = {}
    for r = h.new_start, h.new_start + h.new_count - 1 do
        local row = r - 1
        if row >= 0 and row < line_count then
            table.insert(rows, row)
        end
    end
    return rows
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return integer  1-indexed last index line the hunk occupies
local function index_end(h)
    if h.old_count == 0 then
        return h.old_start
    end
    return h.old_start + h.old_count - 1
end

---@param unstaged ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
---@param iline integer  1-indexed index line
---@return integer?  1-indexed buffer line
local function index_to_buffer(unstaged, iline)
    local delta = 0
    for _, h in ipairs(unstaged) do
        if
            h.old_count > 0
            and iline >= h.old_start
            and iline <= index_end(h)
        then
            return nil
        end
        if iline > index_end(h) then
            delta = delta + h.new_count - h.old_count
        end
    end
    return iline + delta
end

---@param state ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@param line_count integer
---@return { row: integer, hunk: ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk }[]  row is a 0-indexed buffer row
local function staged_signs(state, line_count)
    local out = {}
    for _, h in ipairs(state.staged) do
        local index_lines = {}
        if h.type == "delete" then
            table.insert(index_lines, math.max(h.new_start, 1))
        else
            for i = h.new_start, h.new_start + h.new_count - 1 do
                table.insert(index_lines, i)
            end
        end
        for _, iline in ipairs(index_lines) do
            local bline = index_to_buffer(state.hunks, iline)
            if bline then
                local row = math.min(math.max(bline - 1, 0), line_count - 1)
                table.insert(out, { row = row, hunk = h })
            end
        end
    end
    return out
end

---@param buf integer
local function render_signs(buf)
    if not vim.api.nvim_buf_is_valid(buf) then
        return
    end
    vim.api.nvim_buf_clear_namespace(buf, NS_SIGNS, 0, -1)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state or state.overlay then
        return
    end
    local signs = resolve_signs()
    local line_count = vim.api.nvim_buf_line_count(buf)
    local signed = {}
    for _, h in ipairs(state.hunks) do
        for _, row in ipairs(hunk_rows(h, line_count)) do
            signed[row] = true
            pcall(vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark, buf, NS_SIGNS, row, 0, {
                sign_text = signs[h.type],
                sign_hl_group = SIGN_HL[h.type],
                priority = 100,
            })
        end
    end
    for _, s in ipairs(staged_signs(state, line_count)) do
        if not signed[s.row] then
            pcall(vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark, buf, NS_SIGNS, s.row, 0, {
                sign_text = signs[s.hunk.type],
                sign_hl_group = STAGED_SIGN_HL[s.hunk.type],
                priority = 100,
            })
        end
    end
end

local SKIP_CAPTURES = { spell = true, nospell = true, conceal = true }

---@alias ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan { start_col: integer, end_col: integer }

---@param line string
---@return { text: string, start_col: integer, end_col: integer }[]
local function char_pieces(line)
    local out = {}
    local start = 1
    for c in line:gmatch("[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*") do
        local stop = start + #c - 1
        table.insert(out, {
            text = c,
            start_col = start - 1,
            end_col = stop,
        })
        start = stop + 1
    end
    if start <= #line then
        table.insert(out, {
            text = line:sub(start),
            start_col = start - 1,
            end_col = #line,
        })
    end
    return out
end

---@param pieces { text: string, start_col: integer, end_col: integer }[]
---@param start_idx integer
---@param count integer
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan?
local function char_span(pieces, start_idx, count)
    if count <= 0 then
        return nil
    end
    local first = pieces[start_idx]
    local last = pieces[start_idx + count - 1]
    if not first or not last then
        return nil
    end
    return { start_col = first.start_col, end_col = last.end_col }
end

---@param old_line string
---@param new_line string
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[] old_spans
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[] new_spans
local function inline_spans(old_line, new_line)
    if old_line == new_line or not inline_diff_enabled() then
        return {}, {}
    end
    local old_pieces = char_pieces(old_line)
    local new_pieces = char_pieces(new_line)
    if #old_pieces == 0 then
        return {},
            #new_pieces > 0 and { { start_col = 0, end_col = #new_line } } or {}
    end
    if #new_pieces == 0 then
        return { { start_col = 0, end_col = #old_line } }, {}
    end
    local old_text = {}
    for _, c in ipairs(old_pieces) do
        table.insert(old_text, c.text)
    end
    local new_text = {}
    for _, c in ipairs(new_pieces) do
        table.insert(new_text, c.text)
    end
    local raw = vim.text.diff(
        table.concat(old_text, "\n"),
        table.concat(new_text, "\n"),
        diff_opts()
    )
    if type(raw) ~= "table" then
        return { { start_col = 0, end_col = #old_line } }, {
            { start_col = 0, end_col = #new_line },
        }
    end
    local old_spans = {}
    local new_spans = {}
    for _, h in ipairs(raw) do
        local os_ = h[1] --[[@as integer]]
        local oc = h[2] --[[@as integer]]
        local ns_ = h[3] --[[@as integer]]
        local nc = h[4] --[[@as integer]]
        local old_span = char_span(old_pieces, os_, oc)
        if old_span then
            table.insert(old_spans, old_span)
        end
        local new_span = char_span(new_pieces, ns_, nc)
        if new_span then
            table.insert(new_spans, new_span)
        end
    end
    return old_spans, new_spans
end

---@param hl string|string[]
---@return string[]
local function hl_list(hl)
    if type(hl) == "table" then
        return vim.list_extend({}, hl)
    end
    return { hl }
end

---@param col integer
---@param spans ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[]
---@return boolean
local function in_inline_span(col, spans)
    for _, span in ipairs(spans) do
        if col >= span.start_col and col < span.end_col then
            return true
        end
    end
    return false
end

---@param line string
---@param chunks table[]
---@param spans ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[]?
---@return table[]
local function apply_inline_to_chunks(line, chunks, spans)
    if not spans or #spans == 0 then
        return chunks
    end
    local out = {}
    local col = 0
    for _, chunk in ipairs(chunks) do
        local text = chunk[1]
        local hl = chunk[2]
        local pos = 1
        while pos <= #text do
            local inline = in_inline_span(col, spans)
            local stop = pos + 1
            while
                stop <= #text
                and in_inline_span(col + stop - pos, spans) == inline
            do
                stop = stop + 1
            end
            local piece = text:sub(pos, stop - 1)
            local piece_hl = hl
            if inline then
                piece_hl = hl_list(hl)
                table.insert(piece_hl, "DiffText")
            end
            table.insert(out, { piece, piece_hl })
            col = col + #piece
            pos = stop
        end
    end
    if col < #line then
        return chunks
    end
    return out
end

---@param buf integer
---@param lines string[]
---@return table[][]?
local function highlight_index(buf, lines)
    if not vim.treesitter.highlighter.active[buf] then
        return nil
    end
    local got, parser = pcall(vim.treesitter.get_parser, buf)
    if not got or not parser then
        return nil
    end
    local lang = parser:lang()
    local query = vim.treesitter.query.get(lang, "highlights")
    if not query then
        return nil
    end
    local source = table.concat(lines, "\n")
    local got_root, root = pcall(function()
        local trees = vim.treesitter.get_string_parser(source, lang):parse()
        local tree = trees and trees[1]
        return tree and tree:root()
    end)
    if not got_root or not root then
        return nil
    end
    ---@type table<integer, table<integer, string>>
    local groups = {}
    for id, node in query:iter_captures(root, source) do
        local name = query.captures[id]
        if name and name:sub(1, 1) ~= "_" and not SKIP_CAPTURES[name] then
            local sr, sc, er, ec = node:range()
            for row = sr, math.min(er, #lines - 1) do
                local row_groups = groups[row] or {}
                groups[row] = row_groups
                local from = row == sr and sc or 0
                local to = row == er and ec or #(lines[row + 1] or "")
                for col = from, to - 1 do
                    row_groups[col] = name
                end
            end
        end
    end
    local out = {}
    for row = 0, #lines - 1 do
        local line = lines[row + 1] or ""
        local row_groups = groups[row] or {}
        local chunks = {}
        local col = 0
        while col < #line do
            local name = row_groups[col]
            local stop = col + 1
            while stop < #line and row_groups[stop] == name do
                stop = stop + 1
            end
            local hl ---@type string|string[]
            if name then
                hl = { "GitHunkDeleteLine", "@" .. name }
            else
                hl = "GitHunkDeleteLine"
            end
            table.insert(chunks, { line:sub(col + 1, stop), hl })
            col = stop
        end
        out[row + 1] = chunks
    end
    return out
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@param hl_lines table[][]?  per-index-line syntax chunks, or nil
---@param inline_by_line table<integer, ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[]>?
---@return table[]
local function delete_virt_lines(h, hl_lines, inline_by_line)
    local width = vim.o.columns
    local virt = {}
    for i, line in ipairs(h.old_lines) do
        local pad = math.max(width - vim.api.nvim_strwidth(line), 0)
        local cached = hl_lines and hl_lines[h.old_start + i - 1]
        local inline = inline_by_line and inline_by_line[i]
        if cached then
            local chunks = apply_inline_to_chunks(
                line,
                vim.list_extend({}, cached),
                inline
            )
            table.insert(chunks, {
                string.rep(" ", pad),
                "GitHunkDeleteLine",
            })
            table.insert(virt, chunks)
        else
            local chunks = apply_inline_to_chunks(
                line,
                { { line, "GitHunkDeleteLine" } },
                inline
            )
            table.insert(chunks, {
                string.rep(" ", pad),
                "GitHunkDeleteLine",
            })
            table.insert(virt, chunks)
        end
    end
    return virt
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return table<integer, ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[]> old_by_line
---@return table<integer, ow.Git.Hunks.InlineSpan[]> new_by_line
local function hunk_inline_spans(h)
    if h.type ~= "change" or #h.old_lines ~= #h.new_lines then
        return {}, {}
    end
    local old_by_line = {}
    local new_by_line = {}
    for i = 1, math.min(#h.old_lines, #h.new_lines) do
        local old_line = h.old_lines[i] or ""
        local new_line = h.new_lines[i] or ""
        local old_spans, new_spans = inline_spans(old_line, new_line)
        old_by_line[i] = old_spans
        new_by_line[i] = new_spans
    end
    return old_by_line, new_by_line
end

---@param state ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@param buf integer
---@return table[][]?
local function index_spans(state, buf)
    if not state.index then
        return nil
    end
    local cache = state.index_hl
    if cache and cache.src == state.index then
        return cache.lines
    end
    local lines = highlight_index(buf, state.index)
    state.index_hl = { src = state.index, lines = lines }
    return lines
end

---@param buf integer
local function render_overlay(buf)
    if not vim.api.nvim_buf_is_valid(buf) then
        return
    end
    vim.api.nvim_buf_clear_namespace(buf, NS_OVERLAY, 0, -1)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state or not state.overlay then
        return
    end
    local line_count = vim.api.nvim_buf_line_count(buf)
    local hl_lines = index_spans(state, buf)
    for _, h in ipairs(state.hunks) do
        local old_inline, new_inline = hunk_inline_spans(h)
        if h.type ~= "delete" then
            for r = h.new_start, h.new_start + h.new_count - 1 do
                local row = r - 1
                if row >= 0 and row < line_count then
                    pcall(
                        vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark,
                        buf,
                        NS_OVERLAY,
                        row,
                        0,
                        {
                            line_hl_group = "GitHunkAddLine",
                            priority = 100,
                        }
                    )
                    for _, span in ipairs(new_inline[r - h.new_start + 1] or {}) do
                        pcall(
                            vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark,
                            buf,
                            NS_OVERLAY,
                            row,
                            span.start_col,
                            {
                                end_col = span.end_col,
                                hl_group = "DiffText",
                                priority = 101,
                            }
                        )
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        if h.type ~= "add" then
            local row, above
            if h.type == "delete" then
                if h.new_start <= 0 then
                    row, above = 0, true
                elseif h.new_start >= line_count then
                    row, above = math.max(line_count - 1, 0), false
                else
                    row, above = h.new_start, true
                end
            else
                row, above = math.max(h.new_start - 1, 0), true
            end
            pcall(vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark, buf, NS_OVERLAY, row, 0, {
                virt_lines = delete_virt_lines(h, hl_lines, old_inline),
                virt_lines_above = above,
                right_gravity = false,
                invalidate = true,
            })
        end
    end
end

---@param buf integer
local function render(buf)
    render_signs(buf)
    render_overlay(buf)
end

---@param state ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@param buf integer
---@param rev string
---@param want string?  the wanted blob sha
---@param have string?  the currently-loaded blob sha
---@param apply fun(lines: string[]?, sha: string?)
---@param after fun()
local function ensure_content(state, buf, rev, want, have, apply, after)
    if not want then
        apply(nil, nil)
        return after()
    end
    if want == have then
        return after()
    end
    util.git({ "cat-file", "-p", rev }, {
        cwd = state.repo.worktree,
        silent = true,
        on_exit = function(res)
            if states[buf] ~= state or not vim.api.nvim_buf_is_valid(buf) then
                return
            end
            if res.code == 0 then
                apply(util.split_lines(res.stdout or ""), want)
            else
                apply(nil, nil)
            end
            after()
        end,
    })
end

---@param buf integer
local function recompute(buf)
    if not vim.api.nvim_buf_is_valid(buf) then
        return
    end
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state then
        return
    end
    local r = state.repo
    ensure_content(
        state,
        buf,
        ":0:" .. state.rel,
        r:index_sha(state.rel),
        state.index_sha,
        function(lines, sha)
            state.index = lines
            state.index_sha = sha
        end,
        function()
            ensure_content(
                state,
                buf,
                "HEAD:" .. state.rel,
                r:head_sha(state.rel),
                state.head_sha,
                function(lines, sha)
                    state.head = lines
                    state.head_sha = sha
                end,
                function()
                    local new = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(buf, 0, -1, false)
                    state.hunks = state.index
                            and compute_hunks(state.index, new)
                        or {}
                    state.staged = state.head
                            and state.index
                            and compute_hunks(state.head, state.index)
                        or {}
                    render(buf)
                end
            )
        end
    )
end

local schedule, sched_handle = util.keyed_debounce(recompute, 100)

---@param buf integer
function M._flush(buf)
    sched_handle.flush(buf)
end

---@param buf integer
function M.attach(buf)
    if states[buf] then
        return
    end
    if not repo.is_worktree_buf(buf) then
        return
    end
    local r = repo.find(buf)
    if not r then
        return
    end
    local rel = vim.fs.relpath(
        r.worktree,
        vim.fn.resolve(vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(buf))
    )
    if not rel then
        return
    end
    ---@type ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
    local state = {
        repo = r,
        rel = rel,
        index = nil,
        index_sha = nil,
        head = nil,
        head_sha = nil,
        hunks = {},
        staged = {},
        overlay = false,
        autocmds = {},
    }
    states[buf] = state

    local group =
        vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("ow.git.hunks." .. buf, { clear = true })
    table.insert(
        state.autocmds,
        vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "TextChanged", "TextChangedI" }, {
            group = group,
            buffer = buf,
            callback = function()
                schedule(buf)
            end,
        })
    )
    table.insert(
        state.autocmds,
        vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePost", {
            group = group,
            buffer = buf,
            callback = function()
                schedule(buf)
            end,
        })
    )

    schedule(buf)
end

---@param buf integer
function M.detach(buf)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state then
        return
    end
    if vim.api.nvim_buf_is_valid(buf) then
        vim.api.nvim_buf_clear_namespace(buf, NS_SIGNS, 0, -1)
        vim.api.nvim_buf_clear_namespace(buf, NS_OVERLAY, 0, -1)
    end
    for _, id in ipairs(state.autocmds) do
        pcall(vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd, id)
    end
    pcall(vim.api.nvim_del_augroup_by_name, "ow.git.hunks." .. buf)
    sched_handle.cancel(buf)
    states[buf] = nil
end

---@param buf integer?
function M.toggle_overlay(buf)
    buf = resolve_buf(buf)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state then
        util.warning("git hunks: buffer not attached")
        return
    end
    state.overlay = not state.overlay
    render(buf)
end

---@param hunks ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
---@param row integer 1-indexed cursor line
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk?
local function hunk_at(hunks, row)
    for _, h in ipairs(hunks) do
        if h.type == "delete" then
            if math.max(h.new_start, 1) == row then
                return h
            end
        elseif row >= h.new_start and row <= h.new_start + h.new_count - 1 then
            return h
        end
    end
    return nil
end

---@param buf integer?
---@return integer buf
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.BufState? state
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk? hunk
local function cursor_hunk(buf)
    buf = resolve_buf(buf)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state then
        return buf, nil, nil
    end
    return buf, state, hunk_at(state.hunks, vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1])
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return integer  1-indexed buffer line to anchor the cursor on
local function anchor_line(h)
    if h.type == "delete" then
        return math.max(h.new_start, 1)
    end
    return h.new_start
end

---@param direction "next"|"prev"
function M.nav(direction)
    local buf = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state or #state.hunks == 0 then
        return
    end
    local cur = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
    local hunks = state.hunks
    local target = direction == "next" and hunks[1] or hunks[#hunks]
    if direction == "next" then
        for _, h in ipairs(hunks) do
            if anchor_line(h) > cur then
                target = h
                break
            end
        end
    else
        for i = #hunks, 1, -1 do
            if anchor_line(hunks[i]) < cur then
                target = hunks[i]
                break
            end
        end
    end
    if not target then
        return
    end
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_cursor(0, { anchor_line(target), 0 })
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return string[]
local function hunk_body(h)
    local lines = {
        string.format(
            "@@ -%d,%d +%d,%d @@",
            h.old_start,
            h.old_count,
            h.new_start,
            h.new_count
        ),
    }
    for _, l in ipairs(h.old_lines) do
        table.insert(lines, "-" .. l)
    end
    for _, l in ipairs(h.new_lines) do
        table.insert(lines, "+" .. l)
    end
    return lines
end

local PATCH_CONTEXT = 3

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return integer old_before  count of old lines before the hunk's changed content
---@return integer new_before  count of new lines before the hunk's changed content
local function hunk_offsets(h)
    if h.type == "add" then
        return h.old_start, h.new_start - 1
    elseif h.type == "delete" then
        return h.old_start - 1, h.new_start
    end
    return h.old_start - 1, h.new_start - 1
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
local function invert(h)
    local typ ---@type ow.Git.Hunks.HunkType
    if h.type == "add" then
        typ = "delete"
    elseif h.type == "delete" then
        typ = "add"
    else
        typ = "change"
    end
    return {
        old_start = h.new_start,
        old_count = h.new_count,
        new_start = h.old_start,
        new_count = h.old_count,
        type = typ,
        old_lines = h.new_lines,
        new_lines = h.old_lines,
    }
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@param old_lines string[]
---@param rel string
---@param include_header boolean?
---@param context integer?
---@return string[] patch lines
---@return boolean zero_context
local function build_patch_lines(h, old_lines, rel, include_header, context)
    context = context or PATCH_CONTEXT
    local old_before, new_before = hunk_offsets(h)
    local pre = {}
    for i = math.max(old_before - context + 1, 1), old_before do
        pre[#pre + 1] = old_lines[i] or ""
    end
    local post = {}
    local after = old_before + h.old_count
    for i = after + 1, math.min(after + context, #old_lines) do
        post[#post + 1] = old_lines[i] or ""
    end
    local old_n = #pre + h.old_count + #post
    local new_n = #pre + h.new_count + #post
    local old_start = old_n > 0 and old_before - #pre + 1 or old_before
    local new_start = new_n > 0 and new_before - #pre + 1 or new_before
    local body = {
        string.format(
            "@@ -%d,%d +%d,%d @@",
            old_start,
            old_n,
            new_start,
            new_n
        ),
    }
    for _, l in ipairs(pre) do
        body[#body + 1] = " " .. l
    end
    for _, l in ipairs(h.old_lines) do
        body[#body + 1] = "-" .. l
    end
    for _, l in ipairs(h.new_lines) do
        body[#body + 1] = "+" .. l
    end
    for _, l in ipairs(post) do
        body[#body + 1] = " " .. l
    end
    local lines = {}
    if include_header ~= false then
        lines = { "--- a/" .. rel, "+++ b/" .. rel }
    end
    vim.list_extend(lines, body)
    return lines, #pre == 0 and #post == 0
end

---@param hunks ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
---@param old_lines string[]
---@param rel string
---@param context integer?
---@return string patch
---@return boolean zero_context
local function build_patch(hunks, old_lines, rel, context)
    local lines = { "--- a/" .. rel, "+++ b/" .. rel }
    local zero_context = false
    for _, h in ipairs(hunks) do
        local body, zero = build_patch_lines(h, old_lines, rel, false, context)
        vim.list_extend(lines, body)
        zero_context = zero_context or zero
    end
    return table.concat(lines, "\n") .. "\n", zero_context
end

---@param state ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@param buf integer
---@param patch string
---@param zero_context boolean
local function apply_patch(state, buf, patch, zero_context)
    local args = { "apply", "--cached" }
    if zero_context then
        table.insert(args, "--unidiff-zero")
    end
    table.insert(args, "-")
    util.git(args, {
        cwd = state.repo.worktree,
        stdin = patch,
        on_exit = function(res)
            if res.code ~= 0 then
                util.error("git apply failed: %s", vim.trim(res.stderr or ""))
                return
            end
            local s = states[buf]
            if s then
                s.index_sha = nil
                schedule(buf)
            end
        end,
    })
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@return integer first  1-indexed buffer line
---@return integer last  1-indexed buffer line
local function hunk_range(h)
    if h.type == "delete" then
        local line = math.max(h.new_start, 1)
        return line, line
    end
    return h.new_start, h.new_start + h.new_count - 1
end

---@param h ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk
---@param first integer
---@param last integer
---@return boolean
local function hunk_overlaps(h, first, last)
    local h_first, h_last = hunk_range(h)
    return h_first <= last and h_last >= first
end

---@param state ow.Git.Hunks.BufState
---@param buf integer
---@param first integer
---@param last integer
---@return ow.Git.Hunks.Hunk[]
local function staged_hunks_in_range(state, buf, first, last)
    local out = {}
    local seen = {}
    local line_count = vim.api.nvim_buf_line_count(buf)
    for _, s in ipairs(staged_signs(state, line_count)) do
        local line = s.row + 1
        if line >= first and line <= last and not seen[s.hunk] then
            seen[s.hunk] = true
            table.insert(out, s.hunk)
        end
    end
    return out
end

---@param first integer
---@param last integer
---@param buf? integer
function M.toggle_stage_range(first, last, buf)
    buf = resolve_buf(buf)
    local state = states[buf]
    if not state or not state.index then
        return
    end
    if first > last then
        first, last = last, first
    end
    local unstaged = {}
    for _, h in ipairs(state.hunks) do
        if hunk_overlaps(h, first, last) then
            table.insert(unstaged, h)
        end
    end
    if #unstaged > 0 then
        local context = #unstaged > 1 and 0 or nil
        local patch, zero =
            build_patch(unstaged, state.index, state.rel, context)
        apply_patch(state, buf, patch, zero)
        return
    end
    local staged = staged_hunks_in_range(state, buf, first, last)
    if #staged > 0 then
        local inverted = {}
        for _, h in ipairs(staged) do
            table.insert(inverted, invert(h))
        end
        local context = #inverted > 1 and 0 or nil
        local patch, zero =
            build_patch(inverted, state.index, state.rel, context)
        apply_patch(state, buf, patch, zero)
        return
    end
    util.warning("git hunks: no hunk in selection")
end

---@param buf? integer
function M.toggle_stage(buf)
    local row = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
    M.toggle_stage_range(row, row, buf)
end

---@param buf? integer
function M.toggle_stage_selection(buf)
    local cursor_line = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
    M.toggle_stage_range(vim.fn.line("v"), cursor_line, buf)
end

---@param buf? integer
function M.reset_hunk(buf)
    local target, state, h = cursor_hunk(buf)
    if not state then
        return
    end
    if not h then
        util.warning("git hunks: no hunk at cursor")
        return
    end
    if h.type == "add" then
        vim.api.nvim_buf_set_lines(
            target,
            h.new_start - 1,
            h.new_start - 1 + h.new_count,
            false,
            {}
        )
    elseif h.type == "delete" then
        vim.api.nvim_buf_set_lines(
            target,
            h.new_start,
            h.new_start,
            false,
            h.old_lines
        )
    else
        vim.api.nvim_buf_set_lines(
            target,
            h.new_start - 1,
            h.new_start - 1 + h.new_count,
            false,
            h.old_lines
        )
    end
end

---@param buf? integer
function M.select_hunk(buf)
    local _, _, h = cursor_hunk(buf)
    if not h or h.type == "delete" then
        return
    end
    local first = h.new_start
    local last = h.new_start + math.max(h.new_count, 1) - 1
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_cursor(0, { first, 0 })
    vim.cmd("normal! V")
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_cursor(0, { last, 0 })
end

local preview_win ---@type integer?

---@param buf? integer
function M.preview_hunk(buf)
    if preview_win and vim.api.nvim_win_is_valid(preview_win) then
        vim.api.nvim_set_current_win(preview_win)
        return
    end
    local target, state, h = cursor_hunk(buf)
    if not state then
        return
    end
    if not h then
        return
    end
    local lines = hunk_body(h)
    local pbuf = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_lines(pbuf, 0, -1, false, lines)
    vim.bo[pbuf].bufhidden = "wipe"
    util.paint_diff_lines(pbuf, NS_PREVIEW, lines, 0)
    local width, height = popup.size_for(lines, { min_width = 40, padding = 2 })
    local win = vim.api.nvim_open_win(pbuf, false, {
        relative = "cursor",
        row = 1,
        col = 0,
        width = width,
        height = height,
        style = "minimal",
    })
    preview_win = win
    popup.paint_overflow(pbuf, win, NS_PREVIEW_OVERFLOW)

    local function close()
        if vim.api.nvim_win_is_valid(win) then
            vim.api.nvim_win_close(win, true)
        end
    end
    local group =
        vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("ow.git.hunks.preview", { clear = true })
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd(
        { "CursorMoved", "CursorMovedI", "InsertEnter" },
        { group = group, buffer = target, callback = close }
    )
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("WinLeave", {
        group = group,
        buffer = pbuf,
        callback = close,
    })
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("WinClosed", {
        group = group,
        pattern = tostring(win),
        callback = function()
            preview_win = nil
            pcall(vim.api.nvim_del_augroup_by_name, "ow.git.hunks.preview")
        end,
    })
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("WinScrolled", {
        group = group,
        pattern = tostring(win),
        callback = function()
            popup.paint_overflow(pbuf, win, NS_PREVIEW_OVERFLOW)
        end,
    })
    vim.keymap.set("n", "q", close, { buffer = pbuf, nowait = true })
end

repo.on("change", function(r, change)
    for buf, state in pairs(states) do
        if
            state.repo == r
            and (change.paths[state.rel] or change.branch_changed)
        then
            schedule(buf)
        end
    end
end)

for _, buf in ipairs(vim.api.nvim_list_bufs()) do
    if vim.api.nvim_buf_is_loaded(buf) then
        M.attach(buf)
    end
end

return M